Physics for Information Science: Unit V: Nanodevices and Quantum Computing
Quantum Confinement
Definition, Explanation | Nanodevices
The effect achieved by reducing the volume of a solid so that the energy levels within it becomes discrete is called quantum cofinement.
QUANTUM
CONFINEMENT
Definition
The
effect achieved by reducing the volume of a solid so that the energy levels
within it becomes discrete is called quantum cofinement.
When
we decrease the volume of a solid to such an extent that the energy levels
inside become discrete, we have acheived quantum cofinement.
By
doing so, small 'droplets' of isolated electrons are formed. Hence, it is
possible for us to count few electrons.
Explanation
The
quantum confinement effect is observed when the size of the particle is too
small to be comparable to the wavelength of the electron.
To
know this effect we break the words like quantum and confinement. The word
confinement means to confine the motion of randomly moving electron to restrict
its motion in specific energy levels (discreteness) and quantum reflects the
atomic dimension of particles.
Fig.
5.2 Quantum confinement is responsible for the increase of energy difference
between energy states and band gap
If
we decrease the size of the particle to the nano size, the decrease in
confining size creates the energy levels discrete. The formation of discrete
energy levels increases or widens up the band gap and finally the band gap
energy also increases as shown in Fig. 5.2.
Due
to this, there is a significant change in the electronic and optical materials
of nano-dimensions as compared to the bulk materials.
Since,
the band gap and wavelength are inversely related to each other the wavelength
decreases with decrease in size and the proof is the emission of blue
radiation.
Physics for Information Science: Unit V: Nanodevices and Quantum Computing : Tag: : Definition, Explanation | Nanodevices - Quantum Confinement
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