Physics for Information Science: Unit V: Nanodevices and Quantum Computing
Ballistic Transport
Definition, Explanation, Condition, Application
When the mean free path of the electron is longer than the dimension of the medium through which the electron travels is called Ballistic transport
BALLISTIC
TRANSPORT
Definition
When the mean free path of the electron is longer than the dimension of the medium through which the electron travels is called Ballistic transport. Explanation
When
the length 'L' of the conductor becomes much smaller than the mean free path
'L' the transport is termed 'ballistic' meaning that the electrons do not
scatter during the time it takes to travel through the conductor.
For
example, ballistic transport can be observed in a metal nano wire. This is
because the wire is of the size of a nanometer and the mean free path can be
longer than in a metal.
Condition of Ballistic transport
The
mean free path [The average distance that the electron can travel freely] can
be increased by reducing the number of impurities in a crystal or by lowering
its temperature.
Ballistic transport conditions are
(i) L << Lm and
(ii) L << Lϕ
Where
L
→ Length of the conductor
Lm
→ mean free path [length that the electron can travel before having an elastic
collision]
Lϕ → Length over which an
electron can travel before having an inelastic collision. This is also called
the phase-coherence length, since it is the length over which an electron wave
function retains its coherence.
For
L << Lm and L << L
ϕ we have ballistic transport.
Ballistic
transport occurs over very small length scales, and is obviously coherent.
The
electron doesn't hit anything as it travels through the material, and,
therefore, there is no momentum or phase relaxation. Thus, in Ballistic
material, the electron's wave function can be obtained from schrodinger's
equation.
Application
One
practical application of ballistic transport is to ultra-short-channel
semiconducting FETS or carbon nano tube transistors.
Physics for Information Science: Unit V: Nanodevices and Quantum Computing : Tag: : Definition, Explanation, Condition, Application - Ballistic Transport
Physics for Information Science: Unit V: Nanodevices and Quantum Computing
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Physics for Information Science
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