Physics for Information Science: Unit I: Electrical Properties of Materials
Energy Spectra in Atoms, Molecules and Solids
To picture the energy spectra in atoms, molecules and solids let us consider a metal say sodium, which consists of 11 electrons with electronic configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1.
ENERGY
SPECTRA IN ATOMS, MOLECULES AND SOLIDS
To
picture the energy spectra in atoms, molecules and solids let us consider a
metal say sodium, which consists of 11 electrons with electronic configuration
of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1. The energy
spectrum of a single atom is as shown in Fig. 1.14. When two sodium atoms and
assembled to form a sodium molecule, the energy spectrum of the molecule is as
shown in Fig. 1.15. It is found that for a sodium molecule each atomic levels are
splitted into two closely spaced levels.
Similarly
if 'N' number of atoms are assembled to form a solid, then we have N number of
very closely spaced sub levels so called as energy band as shown in Fig. 1.16.
It
can be found that each energy band is separated by the gaps and are known as
Energy gap (or) forbidden band gap energy.
It
can be seen that the electrons present in the outermost energy band (3s1)
are mixed together and they are free to move over the metals. These free
electrons are responsible for the conduction to occur.
Conclusion
Thus
we can conclude that the electron moving in a periodic potential lattice will
have discontinuous energy values (i.e) they are separated as allowed and
forbidden zones (or) bands.
Physics for Information Science: Unit I: Electrical Properties of Materials : Tag: : - Energy Spectra in Atoms, Molecules and Solids
Physics for Information Science: Unit I: Electrical Properties of Materials
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Physics for Information Science
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