Two marks Questions with Answers

Two Marks Questions with Answers

Q.1 Define qualitative data.

Ans. Qualitative data provides information about the quality of an object or information which cannot be measured. Qualitative data cannot be expressed as a number. Data that represent nominal scales such as gender, economic status and religious preference are usually considered to be qualitative data. It is also called categorical data.

Q.2 What is quantitative data ?

Ans.

Quantitative data is the one that focuses on numbers and mathematical calculations and can be calculated and computed. Quantitative data are anything that can be expressed as a number or quantified. Examples of quantitative data are scores on achievement tests, number of hours of study or weight of a subject.

Q.3 What is nominal data ?

Ans. : A nominal data is the 1st level of measurement scale in which the numbers serve as "tags" or "labels" to classify or identify the objects. Nominal data is type of qualitative data. A nominal data usually deals with the non-numeric variables or the numbers that do not have any value. While developing statistical models, nominal data are usually transformed before building the model.

Q.4 Describe ordinal data.

Ans. : Ordinal data is a variable in which the value of the data is captured from an ordered set, which is recorded in the order of magnitude. Ordinal represents the "order." Ordinal data is known as qualitative data or categorical data. It can be grouped, named and also ranked.

Q.5 What is an interval data ?

Ans. Interval data corresponds to a variable in which the value is chosen from an interval set.

It is defined as a quantitative measurement scale in which the difference between the two variables is meaningful. In other words, the variables are measured in an exact manner, not as in a relative way in which the presence of zero is arbitrary.

Q.6 What do you mean observational study?

Ans. An observational study focuses on detecting relationships between variables not manipulated by the investigator. An observational study is used to answer a research question based purely on what the researcher observes. There is no interference or manipulation of the research subjects and no control and treatment groups.

Q.7 What is frequency distribution?

Ans. Frequency distribution is a representation, either in a graphical or tabular format, that displays the number of observations within a given interval. The interval size depends on the data being analyzed and the goals of the analyst.

Q.8 What is cumulative frequency?

Ans. A cumulative frequency distribution can be useful for ordered data (e.g. data arranged in intervals, measurement data, etc.). Instead of reporting frequencies, the recorded values are the sum of all frequencies for values less than and including the current value.

Q.9 Explain histogram.

Ans. A histogram is a special kind of bar graph that applies to quantitative data (discrete or continuous). The horizontal axis represents the range of data values. The bar height represents the frequency of data values falling within the interval formed by the width of the bar. The bars are also pushed together with no spaces between them.

Q.10 What is goal of variability?

Ans. The goal for variability is to obtain a measure of how spread out the scores are in a distribution. A measure of variability usually accompanies a measure of central tendency as basic descriptive statistics for a set of scores.

Q.11 How to calculate range?

Ans. The range is the total distance covered by the distribution, from the highest score to the lowest score (using the upper and lower real limits of the range).

Range = Maximum value - Minimum value

Q.12 What is an Independent variables?

Ans. An independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable.

Q.13 What is an observational study?

Ans. An observational study focuses on detecting relationships between variables not manipulated by the investigator. An observational study is used to answer a research question based purely on what the researcher observes. There is no interference or manipulation of the research subjects and no control and treatment groups.

Q.14 Explain frequency polygon.

Ans. : Frequency polygons are a graphical device for understanding the shapes of distributions. They serve the same purpose as histograms, but are especially helpful for comparing sets of data. Frequency polygons are also a good choice for displaying cumulative frequency distributions.

Q.15 What is Steam and Leaf diagram?